Description

The study proposes an explanation for the Turkish democratic process regarding   obstacles which it faced during its course of construction, particularly the large number of military coups and the successive constitutional amendments.  It provides a thorough analysis and introduces the different political actors in the Turkish society. Therefore, it discusses the foundation of these parties, their political perspectives and influential leaders. It simultaneously points out their weaknesses and strengths, reviewing with graphic evidences their electoral results during the different successive elections from 2002 till the early double (presidential/ parliamentary) elections of 2018. The study provides a kind of summary forecasting the future of political pluralism and the possible emergence of new parties and alliances after implementing the presidential system as a new state of transformation that could shift competition from the individual level of parties to the level of alliances among themselves.